¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°ú¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥¹
¡¡¡¡¤½¤ó¤Êµ»ö¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Þ¤¹¡£¸¶Ê¸¤Ï±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢É¬ÍפÊÉôʬ¤ÏÏÂÌõ¤·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤´°Â¿´²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
Controlling pollution by profiting from it; Hong Kong looks at emissions trading
¡Ê¡Ö¤â¤¦¤«¤ë¤³¤È¡×¤ÇÂ絤±øÀ÷¤ò¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¡¨¹á¹Á¡¢Çӽи¢¼è°ú³«»Ï¤òÌϺ÷¡Ë
As this city struggles under a daily cloud of noxious fumes belched from a
combination of local traffic and factories and power plants across the
nearby border with mainland China, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange is con-
sidering using its financial muscle as part of a solution.
The board of the exchange is due to weigh a proposal Wednesday for a
pollution emissions trading system that could serve as a financial platform
for mainland China and other Asian countries entering a burgeoning new
business.
A feasibility study delivered to the board this week charts the way for
Hong Kong to gain a share of the fast-growing international market in
trading greenhouse gas emissions, implicated in global warming, and the
types of local industrial pollutants that turn the skies here murky gray
for most of the year.
For one of the region's leading financial centers, emissions trading is
a potentially valuable new kind of product. Estimates of the size of
the global emissions trading market by 2010 vary between $40 billion
and $100 billion.
But it might also make a significant contribution to solving the city's
alarming air quality problem in a way that suits its love affair with
the free market and helps to develop an effective emissions trading
system in China, now thought to be the world's leading emitter of
greenhouse gases.
The global emissions trade has to date been dominated by the United
States and Europe, which have leading players like the Chicago Climate
Exchange and the European Climate Exchange.
A team of consultants, led by the law firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques,
worked on the four-month feasibility study for the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange. They say the city's financial strengths and its proximity to
the mainland mean it has the potential to become a regional, and
possibly global, leader in emissions trading.
''Hong Kong is sitting on the doorstep of a major, major player,'' said
Roger Raufer, a consultant engineer with the International Environmental
Trading Group, an American firm that advised on the study. ''It could be
very, very significant business.''
He added: ''Asia has an environmental problem and everyone recognizes
the market has to be part of the solution. You have got to have
economics driving the cleanup.''
Raufer, who has advised the United Nations and World Bank, said there was
compelling evidence from around the world that putting a price on
pollution under an emissions trading program hastened the speed and
efficiency of the environmental cleanup.
''The main point is that you accomplish environmental goals at a lower
cost,'' he said. ''Because you put a price on the pollution, these economic
instruments force you constantly to think about ways to get rid of
pollution. By using resources efficiently, the government can afford to
be more aggressive in terms of protecting the environment.''
There is no doubt that Hong Kong has a huge problem. Roadside pollution
on an average day in the busiest parts of the city is several times the
levels deemed acceptable by the World Health Organization.
Anthony Hedley, professor of community medicine at the University of
Hong Kong and one of the report's authors, said there were few days in
the year ''where you could put your hand on your heart and say it's
safe to breathe.''
Hedley said the scale of the damage to public health and the burden
placed on the health system required the government to adopt mand-
atory restraints on emitters.
He said that, from a public health perspective, emission trading might
be part of a long-term solution ''but here and now the immediate need is
for radical action to reduce individual exposures.''
Still, the advocates of emission trading say there is ample evidence that
using free market incentives to reduce air pollution lets governments
demand cuts to emissions faster and more effectively than by simply
imposing limits on emissions in isolation.
Under a typical emissions program, a power plant or factory is issued an
allowance for emissions up to a mandated cap. If it does not use all its
allowance, the remainder can be sold to other emitters. Failure to have
sufficient allowance to cover all annual emissions results in a fine.
The biggest emerging market for emissions is in carbon dioxide, driven by
global efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. But emission trading has
proved effective in dealing with local problems of smog - emissions of
particulates, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
In the United States, an emission trading plan has allowed authorities to
impose aggressive pollution caps to tackle the acid rain problem, limiting
the annual allowance of sulfur dioxide to 50 percent of 1980 levels.
Environment officials in China have noted such success and embarked
on several emission trading pilot projects. This year, the governments
of Hong Kong and adjacent Guangdong Province moved to set up a pilot
emission trading plan that aims to reduce the amount of sulfur and other
pollutants pumped into the skies of the Pearl River Delta.
Last month, the South China Morning Post, a Hong Kong newspaper,
reported that the China Beijing Equity Exchange had well-advanced plans
to set up the mainland's first national exchange for trading pollution
quotas, providing potential
competition for Hong Kong.
''We have finished initial research and consultations with overseas
emissions trading bourses concerning the proposed Beijing Climate
Exchange,'' the newspaper quoted Peng Zhiyuan, the exchange's general
operating director, as saying.
But industry representatives and analysts say there has been slow
progress in China to a full emissions trading system because of
institutional weaknesses like poor enforcement and monitoring.
K. K. Chan, the managing director of renewable energy at the Hong Kong
electricity company China Light and Power, said that in order to set up an
emissions trading system that linked the mainland and Hong Kong, govern-
ments would have to ensure a ''level playing field.''
''Hong Kong and the mainland have different standards,'' he said. ''They
even have different standards in terms of monitoring pollution. So the
starting points are quite different.''
That might pose some challenges to any ambitions the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange might have to offer emissions trading.
Raufer said an emissions trade that started by focusing on the air quality
problem facing Hong Kong and its neighboring region on the mainland was a
potential stepping stone.
''It might well be that you start locally because there is real problem here
locally,'' he said.
''If you get these markets up and running, ultimately you can move into
carbon, which as a global commodity is going to be huge. Some people say
carbon is the next oil in terms of commodities.''
¡Ê¥Ø¥é¥ë¥É¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥ó£±£²·î£±£²Æüʬ¤è¤ê¡Ë
¡¡¡¡Âê̾¤ÎÄ̤ꡢ²¿¤ä¤é¹á¹Á¤Ç¡¢¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°ú¡×¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤ò»Ï¤á¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äThe board of the exchange is due to weigh a proposal Wednesday for a pollution emissions trading system that could serve as a financial platform for mainland China and other Asian countries entering a burgeoning new business.
¡¡¡¡the board¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¹á¹Á¾Ú·ô¼è°ú½ê¡×¤ÎÌò°÷²ñ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤¬¡¢¡Ö±øÀ÷ʪ¼ÁÇÓ½ÐÏȤμè°ú¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÄ󰯤ò½ÅÅÀ¤òÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¡×¤ª¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¡ÖÂçÎ¦Ãæ¹ñ¤ä¾¤Î¥¢¥¸¥¢½ô¹ñ¤Ë¿·¤·¤¤¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥¹¤òÇä¤ê¹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤ÎÏÈÁȤߤˤʤë¤À¤í¤¦¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äFor one of the region's leading financial centers, emissions trading is a
potentially valuable new kind of product. Estimates of the size of the global
emissions trading market by 2010 vary between $40 billion and $100 billion.
¡¡¡¡¹á¹Á¤Ï¡Ö¥¢¥¸¥¢Ãϰè¤Î¶âÍ»¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼¤Î°ì¤Ä¡×¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°ú¡Êemission trading¡Ë¡×¤Ï¤½¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¾¦Éʤˤʤë¤À¤í¤¦¤È¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¼è°ú¤Î¡ÖÃϵ嵬ÌϤǤμè°ú¹â¤¬£²£°£±£°Ç¯¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë£´£°£°²¯¥É¥ë¤«¤é£±£°£°£°²¯¥É¥ë¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡×¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡Çӽи¢¼è°ú¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¹©¾ì¤Ê¤É¤¬Âçµ¤Ãæ¤ËÊü½Ð¤·¤Æ¤è¤¤µ¤ÂΤÎÎ̤ò¡¢ÇÓ½ÐÎ̤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤¬Â¿¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤ËÇä¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¤ÇÇäÇ㤹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ÇӽФȤ¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¡Ö²¹ÃȲ½¥¬¥¹¡ÊÆó»À²½ÃºÁǤʤɡˡפò»Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¸å¤Ç¸«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Î²²«¤Ê¤É¤ÎÂ絤±øÀ÷ʪ¼Á¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ÆüËܱߤ˴¹»»¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤À¤¤¤¿¤¤£´¡¤£´Ãû±ß¤«¤é£±£±Ãû±ß¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¤«¤Ê¤ê¤Î»Ô¾ì¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢º£¸å¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¼è°ú¤Îµ¬ÌϤϤɤó¤É¤óÁý¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
¡¡¡¡¼ÂºÝÌäÂê¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¥·¥«¥´¤È¥í¥ó¥É¥ó¤Ë¤Ï¡Öµ¤¸õ¼è°ú½ê¡ÊClimate Exchange)¡×¤Ê¤É¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤¬ÀßΩ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥·¥«¥´µ¤¸õ¼è°ú½ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡ü¤³¤Á¤é¡ÊPDF)¤ò¡¢¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñµ¤¸õ¼è°ú½ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡ü¤³¤Á¤é¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£
¡äA team of consultants, led by the law firm Mallesons Stephen Jaques, worked
on the four-month feasibility study for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. They
say the city's financial strengths and its proximity to the mainland mean it
has the potential to become a regional, and possibly global, leader in emissions trading.
¡¡¡¡¡Ö¥á¥¤¥ë¥½¥ó¡¦¥¹¥Æ¥Õ¥¡¥ó¡¦¥¸¥ã¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ë¡Î§»ö̳½ê¤Î¥³¥ó¥µ¥ë¥¿¥ó¥È¤¿¤Á¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¹á¹Á¤Ï¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°ú¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥¸¥¢Ãϰè¤Î¡¢¤â¤·¤«¤·¤¿¤éÃϵ嵬ÌϤÇÇӽи¢¼è°ú¤Î¼çƳ¸¢¤ò°®¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡×¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äRaufer, who has advised the United Nations and World Bank, said there was
compelling evidence from around the world that putting a price on pollution
under an emissions trading program hastened the speed and efficiency of
the environmental cleanup.
¡¡¡¡International Environmental Trading Group¤È¤¤¤¦¥¢¥á¥ê¥«´ë¶È¤Î¥³¥ó¥µ¥ë¥¿¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥í¡¼¥Õ¥¡¡¼¤È¤¤¤¦¿Íʪ¤Ï¡Ö¹ñÏ¢¤äÀ¤³¦¶ä¹Ô¤Ë¤â¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢Èà¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°ú¤Î»ÅÁȤߤΤâ¤È¤Ç±øÀ÷ʪ¼Á¤ËÂвÁ¤¬¤Ä¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢´Ä¶¤Î¾ô²½¤¬¸úΨ¤è¤¯¿Ê¤à¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡×¤Î¤À¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äThere is no doubt that Hong Kong has a huge problem. Roadside pollution
on an average day in the busiest parts of the city is several times the
levels deemed acceptable by the World Health Organization.
¡¡¡¡¡Ö¹á¹Á¤¬¡Ê´Ä¶¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¡ËÂ礤ÊÌäÂê¤òÊú¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ïµ¿¤¦Í¾ÃϤ¬¤Ê¡×¤¯¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡Ö¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¼Ö¤Î±ýÍè¤Î·ã¤·¤¤»Ô³¹¤Ç¤ÎÂ絤±øÀ÷¤ÎÅٹ礤¤Ï¡¢À¤³¦ÊÝ·òµ¡¹½¤¬µöÍÆÈϰϤÀ¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò¿ôÇܤâ¾å²ó¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¹á¹Á¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢¾å³¤¤Ê¤ÉÍȻҹ¾²Ï¸ý¤ÎÃϰè¤â¤â¤Î¤¹¤´¤¤Â絤±øÀ÷¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¡ü¤³¤Á¤é¤Î¹ñΩ´Ä¶¸¦µæ½ê¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤¢¤ë²èÁü¤ò¸«¤Æ¤â¤é¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ÎÂ絤±øÀ÷¤¬¾å¶õ¤ÎÊÐÀ¾É÷¤Ë±¿¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¡¢»ÀÀ±«¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¤ÇÆüËܤò½±¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬¤è¤¯¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ëʸ¶ç¤ò¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¡¢»ä¤Ï¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÈ¿ÂФÀ¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äStill, the advocates of emission trading say there is ample evidence that using
free market incentives to reduce air pollution lets governments demand cuts to
emissions faster and more effectively than by simply imposing limits on
emissions in isolation.
¡¡¡¡¤É¤¦¤»¤Ê¤é¨¸úÀ¤Î¤¢¤ëÇӽе¬À©¤ò¤·¤¿¤é¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦À¼¤â¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¡ÖÇӽи¢¼è°úƳÆþ¤Ë¹ÎÄêŪ¤Ê¿Í¤Ó¤È¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¥Õ¥ê¡¼¥Þ¡¼¥±¥Ã¥È¤Î¸µ¤Ç¤ÏÂ絤±øÀ÷¤òºï¸º¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¥¤¥ó¥»¥ó¥Æ¥£¥Ö¡ÊƳ°ø¡Ë¤¬Æ¯¤¯¤¿¤á¡¢¤¿¤Àµ¬À©¤ò²Ý¤¹¤è¤ê¤â®¤¯¡¢¸úΨŪ¤Ë±øÀ÷ʪ¼Á¤ÎÇӽФò¥«¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äEnvironment officials in China have noted such success and embarked on
several emission trading pilot projects. This year, the governments of Hong
Kong and adjacent Guangdong Province moved to set up a pilot emission
trading plan that aims to reduce the amount of sulfur and other pollutants
pumped into the skies of the Pearl River Delta.
¡¡¡¡Ãæ¹ñÅö¶É¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢¤É¤¦¤ä¤é¡Ö»î¸³Åª¤ËÇӽи¢¼è°ú¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ç»Ï¤á¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¡Öº£Ç¯¤Ï¹á¹Á¤ÈÎ٤ˤ¢¤ë¹Åì¾Ê¤¬Çӽи¢¼è°ú¤Î»î¸³ÅªÆ³Æþ¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢¤½¤³¤Ç¤Ï¼î¹¾¥Ç¥ë¥¿Ãϰè¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëⲫ¤Ê¤É¤ÎÂ絤±øÀ÷ʪ¼Á¤Îºï¸º¤òÌܻؤ¹¡×¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡ÆüËܸì¤Ç¤³¤ÎÊÕ¤òÃΤꤿ¤¤Êý¤Ï¡ü¤³¤Á¤é¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò¤´Í÷ĺ¤¯¤È³µÍפ¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡äLast month, the South China Morning Post, a Hong Kong newspaper, reported
that the China Beijing Equity Exchange had well-advanced plans to set up the
mainland's first national exchange for trading pollution quotas, providing
potential competition for Hong Kong.
¡¡¡¡¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤É¤¦¤ä¤é¹á¹Á¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢Ë̵þ¤Ç¤â¡ÖÃæ¹ñÁ´°è¤Ç¤ÎÇÓ½ÐÏȤμè°ú½ê¡×¤¬ÀßΩ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¹á¹Á¤Î¶¥ÁèÁê¼ê¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤¦¤ë¡×¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¡ü¤³¤Á¤é¤ÎË̵þ½µÊó¤Îµ»ö¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤¯¤È¡¢¹ñÏ¢¤Îµ¡´Ø¤Ç¤¢¤ëUNDP¡Ê¹ñÏ¢³«È¯·×²è¡Ë¤â¤³¤ÎË̵þ¼è°ú½êÀßΩ¤ËÍí¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡»ä¤Ï²È¤Ë¥Æ¥ì¥Ó¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¡¢ÆüËܤΥá¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ç¤Ï¤¤Á¤ó¤ÈÊ󯻤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¤Þ¤¢¡¢»ä¤Ï¡Ö¹ñºÝ²½¡×¤Ê¤É¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤òÁÇÀ²¤é¤·¤¤¤â¤Î¤À¤È¤Ï¾¯¤·¤â»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦µ»ö¤òÆÉ¤à¤È¡¢ÆüËܤǰìÈÖ¹ñºÝ²½¤¬ÃÙ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥Þ¥¹¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¼Â´¶¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¿Í¤Ë¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤À¤Î¹ñºÝ¶¥ÁèÎϤÀ¤ÎÀöǾ¤á¤¤¤¿¸ÀÏÀ¤ò¤Õ¤ê¤«¤¶¤¹¤Ê¤é¡¢¤Þ¤º¤Ï¤Æ¤á¤¨¤¬¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë²½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤í¡¢¤È¸À¤¤¤¿¤¯¤â¤Ê¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡äBut industry representatives and analysts say there has been slow progress
in China to a full emissions trading system because of institutional weaknesses
like poor enforcement and monitoring.
¡¡¡¡¡Ö¤·¤«¤·¡¢»º¶È³¦¤ÎÂåɽ¤ä¥¢¥Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¤Ç¤ÏÇӽи¢¼è°úƳÆþ¤Î¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤¬ÃÙ¤¤¡×¤è¤¦¤Ç¡¢¤½¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ï¡Ö¸ÂÅÙÏȤòÍú¹Ô¤µ¤»¤¿¤ê¡¢ÇÓ½ÐÎ̤ò¥â¥Ë¥¿¡¼¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ëµ¡¹½¤¬¼å¤¤¡×¤«¤é¤Ê¤Î¤À¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¤è¤¦¤¹¤ë¤Ë¡¢Çӽи¢¼è°ú¤ÇÌÙ¤±¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ó¤È¡Ê¡á¹ñºÝ¶âÍ»»ñËܡˤ¬¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¤Ë¡Ö¤â¤Ã¤È¤Á¤ã¤ó¤È¤·¤¿¸¡ºº¤ä¥â¥Ë¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤ò¤ä¤ì¤ëÉô½ð¤òºî¤ì¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦»þ¤Ë¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¤È¤¤¤¦¹ñ¤Ê¤é²¿¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤«¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¡©
¡¡¡¡¤³¤Î¥Ö¥í¥°¤ò¤´Í÷¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë³§¤µ¤ó¤Ê¤é¡¢¤À¤¤¤¿¤¤ÁÛÁü¤¬¤Ä¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦ÌÌÅݤ¯¤µ¤¤Ìò³ä¤Ï¡ÖÆüËܤˤä¤é¤»¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡Ãæ¹ñ¤Ø¤Î´Ä¶ÂкöÌÜŪ¤Î±ç½õ¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦Ê¸Ì®¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢¹ñºÝŪ¤Ê¶âÍ»»ñËܤ¬Ãæ¹ñ¤Ç¹çˡŪ¤Ë¶â¤òºñ¼è¤¹¤ëÏÈÁȤߺî¤ê¤ò¡¢µ»½Ñ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÆüËܤ¬¤ä¤é¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¤³¤ì¤ÇÌÙ¤«¤ëÆüËܦ¤Î·ÐºÑ¼çÂΤϡ¢µ»½ÑƳÆþ¤äÀßÈ÷Åê»ñ¤ò¼è¤ê¼¡¤°¡Ö¾¦¼Ò¡×¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤¤¤Ä¤é¤ÎÍø±×¤Ï¡¢·ë¶ÉÆüËܿͤÎÀǶâ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»Ù¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ó¤Ê¤Ë¤Ð¤«¤Ð¤«¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£³°¹ñ¤Ø¤Î±ç½õ¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¾¦¼Ò¤äÍ¢½Ð´ë¶È¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¤Ï³°¹ñ»ñËܤòÌÙ¤±¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¡Ö¥Ð¥é¥Þ¥¡×¤Ë¤¹¤®¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡ÀǶ⤬´Ôή¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç£±£°£°¡óÆüËܿͤ¬¼õ±×¼Ô¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤ëÆüËܹñÆâ¤Ç¤Î¡Ö¥Ð¥é¥Þ¥¡×¤ò¡¢¤Þ¤ë¤Ç¶Ë°ÈȺá¿Í¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËŨ»ë¤¹¤ë¿Í¤¬¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦¿Í¤Ï´°Á´¤ËÍ٤餵¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¤¤¤²Ã¸ºÌܤò³Ð¤Þ¤¹¤«¡¢¤â¤Ã¤È³¤³°¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÌܤò¸þ¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤Þ¤¢¡¢¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¡¢¥Þ¥¹¥³¥ß¤ä¾®ÀôÀ¯¸¢¤¬ÀßÄꤷ¤¿¡ÖŨ¡×¤ò᤯¤³¤È¤·¤«¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£
¡¡¡¡¤Þ¤¢¡¢²¿¤·¤í¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤ò¸«¤Æ¡¢»ä¤Ï¡ÖµþÅÔµÄÄê½ñ¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿¤ó¤À¤¡¡×¤È¡¢Ì¯¤ËǼÆÀ¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¡¡¡¡¼«Á³¤òÂçÀڤˤ·¤è¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦µ¤»ý¤Á¤¬Â¾¤Î½ô¹ñ¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤ÆÃÇÁ³¹â¤¤¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ëÆüËܿͤˤϡ¢¤ß¤ó¤Ê¤Ç²æËý¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤¹¤àÇÓ½ÐÎ̺︺¤ò¡¢¤¤¤Á¤¤¤Á¶âÌÙ¤±¤ÎÆ»¶ñ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦´¶³Ð¤ÏÍý²ò¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£°ìÉô¤Î¿Í´Ö¡ÊÆüËܤǤϡÖÌò¿Í¡×¤È¡Ö¾¦¼Ò¡×¡Ë¤À¤±¤òÍø¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÏÈÁȤߤˤϻ²²Ã¤»¤º¡¢¡ÖdzÎÁÅÅÃӡפä¡Ö³¤Íβ¹ÅÙº¹È¯Åšפµ¤é¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö¿¹ÎÓÇ˲õ¤ä¿å»ñ¸»¸Ï³é¤ò¾·¤«¤Ê¤¤¥Ð¥¤¥ª¥Þ¥¹¡×¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢ËÜÅö¤ËÃϵå¤ä¿ÍÎà¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ê¤ëµ»½Ñ¤ÎȯŸ¤ËÎϤòÆþ¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡ã»²¹Íµ»ö¡ä
¡üÂçÃϤȿå¤È¿Í¤ò»¦¤¹¡Ö¥Ð¥¤¥ª¥¨¥¿¥Î¡¼¥ë¡×¤ÏÉÔÍפÀ¡ª¡ª
¡ú¿Íµ¤blog¥é¥ó¥¥ó¥°¤Ø¢«¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ±þ±ç¤è¤í¤·¤¯¤ª´ê¤¤¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡
http://sun.ap.teacup.com/souun/1135.html
http://sun.ap.teacup.com/souun/692.html
´Ä¶ÌäÂê¡¡µ¤¸õÊÑÆ°¤ÏÆó»À²½ÃºÁǤ¬¸¶°ø¤«¡©¡¡
http://sun.ap.teacup.com/souun/41.html
Çӽи¢¼è°ú¤Ã¤Æ°ì¸«¸º¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤±¤É¡¢ÍפϽФ·¤Æ¤ë¹ñ¤È½Ð¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¹ñ¤ÎÄÔêí¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¡¢º¬ËÜŪ¤Êºï¸º¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¡£
¼è°ú¤è¤ê¤âËÜÅö¤Ëºï¸º¤¹¤ëµ»½Ñ¤äÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹¤è¤Í¡£
¡äÇӽи¢¼è°ú¤Ã¤Æ°ì¸«¸º¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤±¤É¡¢ÍפϽФ·¤Æ¤ë¹ñ¤È
¡ä½Ð¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¹ñ¤ÎÄÔêí¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç¡¢º¬ËÜŪ¤Êºï¸º¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È
¡ä»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡µþÅÔµÄÄê½ñ¤òΥæ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¥·¥«¥´µ¤¸õ¼è°ú½ê¡×¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬Á´¤Æ¤òʪ¸ì¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¡£Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¡¢¼ê¿ôÎÁ¤ò¼è¤ì¤ì¤Ð²¿¤Ç¤â¤¤¤¤¤ó¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡¡¡¡¤ß¤ó¤ÊÃη䬤Ĥ¤¤Æ¤¤¿¤«¤é¡¢¤â¤¦¤½¤Î¤¯¤é¤¤¤·¤«¤à¤·¤ê¼è¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¾ï¤ËºÇÀèü¤Îº¾µ½¤Î¼ê¸ý¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤Êդꡢ¹ñºÝ¶âÍ»»ñËܤƤ¤¤¦¤Î¤âÂçÊѤʤó¤À¤Ê¤¡¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Îµ»ö¤Î¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥Ã¥¯URL
¤³¤Îµ»ö¤Ë¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë(FC2¥Ö¥í¥°¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼)
¤³¤Îµ»ö¤Ø¤Î¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥Ã¥¯
»à·º¤Î¥³¥¹¥ÈÌäÂê¤È¥Ù¡¼¥·¥Ã¥¯¥¤¥ó¥«¥à
¡Ú»ÙÆáÃÜ¡ÛÇä¹ñ´Ä¶¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥¹Íø¸¢¡ÚÀ¶Ï²ñ¡Û


